안녕하세요. 오늘은 전기 시설 중 가장 기초적이고 중요한 차단기에 대해 정리해드리려고 합니다. 차단기는 전로를 개폐하는 것 중 부하전류를 개폐함과 동시에 단락, 지락 등의 이상전류 차단능력을 가진 것으로 보호계전기와 조합되어 전로와 기기를 보호하는 기기입니다. 즉, 통상적인 부하를 개폐할 뿐만 아니라 이상 발생시 신속하게 회로를 차단하여 사고의 확산을 방지하고 전기기기를 보호하는 역할을 하는 것입니다. 안녕하세요. 오늘은 전기 시설 중 가장 기초적이고 중요한 차단기에 대해 정리해드리려고 합니다. 차단기는 전로를 개폐하는 것 중 부하전류를 개폐함과 동시에 단락, 지락 등의 이상전류 차단능력을 가진 것으로 보호계전기와 조합되어 전로와 기기를 보호하는 기기입니다. 즉, 통상적인 부하를 개폐할 뿐만 아니라 이상 발생시 신속하게 회로를 차단하여 사고의 확산을 방지하고 전기기기를 보호하는 역할을 하는 것입니다.
차단기는 소호 메커니즘에 따라 다양한 종류가 있으며 주로 사용되는 전압도 다릅니다. 특고압, 고압에 사용되는 차단기, 그리고 저압에 사용되는 차단기 순으로 말씀드리겠습니다. 실무에서 자주 사용되는 차단기는 원리까지 자세히 살펴보도록 하죠. 차단기는 소호 메커니즘에 따라 다양한 종류가 있으며 주로 사용되는 전압도 다릅니다. 특고압, 고압에 사용되는 차단기, 그리고 저압에 사용되는 차단기 순으로 말씀드리겠습니다. 실무에서 자주 사용되는 차단기는 원리까지 자세히 살펴보도록 하죠.
1. 특고압/고압용 차단기① 가스차단기(GCB:Gas Circuit Breaker) 1. 특고압/고압용 차단기① 가스차단기(GCB:Gas Circuit Breaker)
출처: https://www.electricalengineeringinfo.com/2016/03/sf6-circuit-breakers-working-and-construction-sf6-circuit-breakers.html 출처: https://www.electricalengineeringinfo.com/2016/03/sf6-circuit-breakers-working-and-construction-sf6-circuit-breakers.html
It is a circuit breaker in which SF6 gas (sulfur fluoride gas) with thermochemical properties is injected into the arc to extinguish the arc. It has excellent cut-off performance and is used in ultra-high voltage systems (mainly high voltages between 200 and 800 kV). The principle is the same as that of an air breaker, but due to its good insulation performance and arc extinguishing capability, the equipment is relatively small and does not emit used gas into the atmosphere and produces little noise. However, it is a problem if SF6 gas leaks. Not only does it lose its insulation capability, but it is also because gas is a global warming substance. Where there are GCB facilities such as GIS, the purity and pressure of SF6 gas must be checked periodically. It is a circuit breaker in which SF6 gas (sulfur fluoride gas) with thermochemical properties is injected into the arc to extinguish the arc. It has excellent cut-off performance and is used in ultra-high voltage systems (mainly high voltages between 200 and 800 kV). The principle is the same as that of an air breaker, but due to its good insulation performance and arc extinguishing capability, the equipment is relatively small and does not emit used gas into the atmosphere and produces little noise. However, it is a problem if SF6 gas leaks. Not only does it lose its insulation capability, but it is also because gas is a global warming substance. Where there are GCB facilities such as GIS, the purity and pressure of SF6 gas must be checked periodically.
② 真 遮断 (VCB) ② Vacuum 遮断 (VCB)
출처: https://circuitglobe.com/vacuum-circuit-breaker.html 출처: https://circuitglobe.com/vacuum-circuit-breaker.html
Have you ever seen a scene in a movie in which objects inside a spaceship are inhaled into it when a part of the wall of a spaceship is broken? As such, the vacuum has a large diffusion effect because the pressure is almost zero. The vacuum circuit breaker uses the rapid diffusion of the arc to extinguish the arc. It is possible to miniaturize it because there are few foreign substances and the insulation performance is high. It is commonly used in high-pressure and ultra-high-pressure substation facilities because of its high reliability without being affected by outside air when shut off. It also has the advantage of being simple in structure and easy to maintain. The only disadvantage is that a separate Surge hygroscope is required because of its characteristics. The ions and vapor particles of the inhaled arc are vapor-deposited on the electrode shielding of the hygroscope and vacuum is maintained again. Have you ever seen a scene in a movie in which objects inside a spaceship are inhaled into it when a part of the wall of a spaceship is broken? As such, the vacuum has a large diffusion effect because the pressure is almost zero. The vacuum circuit breaker uses the rapid diffusion of the arc to extinguish the arc. It is possible to miniaturize it because there are few foreign substances and the insulation performance is high. It is commonly used in high-pressure and ultra-high-pressure substation facilities because of its high reliability without being affected by outside air when shut off. It also has the advantage of being simple in structure and easy to maintain. The only disadvantage is that a separate Surge hygroscope is required because of its characteristics. The ions and vapor particles of the inhaled arc are vapor-deposited on the electrode shielding of the hygroscope and vacuum is maintained again.
③ 공기 차단（ (ABB) ③ 공기 차단（ (ABB)
출처: https://skm-eleksys.com/2012/04/air-blast-circuit-breaker-abcb.html 출처: https://skm-eleksys.com/2012/04/air-blast-circuit-breaker-abcb.html
It is a method of cooling and extinguishing arcs by blowing arcs generated by opening and closing into compressed air of 10-30 [kg/㎠]. It’s similar to the GCB I checked earlier, but the difference is that it disappears with compressed air instead of Gas. Although it has good cut-off capability and can be used for extra high pressure, GCB tends to replace it due to the need for additional facilities (compressors and air tanks) to produce compressed air and the disadvantage of large footprint. Another major disadvantage is that the compressed air used to extinguish the arc is released into the atmosphere, resulting in considerable noise. It is a method of cooling and extinguishing arcs by blowing arcs generated by opening and closing into compressed air of 10-30 [kg/㎠]. It’s similar to the GCB I checked earlier, but the difference is that it disappears with compressed air instead of Gas. Although it has good cut-off capability and can be used for extra high pressure, GCB tends to replace it due to the need for additional facilities (compressors and air tanks) to produce compressed air and the disadvantage of large footprint. Another major disadvantage is that the compressed air used to extinguish the arc is released into the atmosphere, resulting in considerable noise.
④ 유입 차단기 (OCB: Oil Breaker) ④ 유입 차단기 (OCB: Oil Breaker)
출처: https://skm-eleksys.com/2012/03/oil-circuit-breaker.html 출처: https://skm-eleksys.com/2012/03/oil-circuit-breaker.html
It is a high-voltage circuit breaker that contains insulating oil in a container with a built-in contact part. The oil is decomposed by the arc generated during the cut-off, resulting in hydrogen gas, and the arc is extinguished by the cooling action of the hydrogen gas. In ultra-high voltage systems, the more stable the voltage range is, the wider the application range, and the less overvoltage is generated, but the disadvantage is that regular oil management is necessary as insulating oil is used. It seems that insulating oil explodes and leaks, and production has not been successful recently, and it is rarely used in the field. It is a high-voltage circuit breaker that contains insulating oil in a container with a built-in contact part. The oil is decomposed by the arc generated during the cut-off, resulting in hydrogen gas, and the arc is extinguished by the cooling action of the hydrogen gas. In ultra-high voltage systems, the more stable the voltage range is, the wider the application range, and the less overvoltage is generated, but the disadvantage is that regular oil management is necessary as insulating oil is used. It seems that insulating oil explodes and leaks, and production has not been successful recently, and it is rarely used in the field.
The Magnetic Blast Circuit Breaker (MBB), which uses electromagnetic force to extinguish arcs, has the advantage of not using insulating oil and less wear on contacts, but has recently been replaced by VCB. The Magnetic Blast Circuit Breaker (MBB), which uses electromagnetic force to extinguish arcs, has the advantage of not using insulating oil and less wear on contacts, but has recently been replaced by VCB.
2. Low pressure circuit breaker ① Air circuit breaker (ACB) 2. Low pressure circuit breaker ① Air circuit breaker (ACB)
출처: https://www.codrey.com/electrical/air-break-circuit-breaker-acb/ 출처: https://www.codrey.com/electrical/air-break-circuit-breaker-acb/
The air circuit breaker uses the natural arc extinguishing method of air, and it absorbs arcs in the arc extinguishing chamber (Arc Chute) and extinguishes them. Since the operating current correction is free compared to the circuit breaker for wiring, it is mainly used as a high-capacity circuit breaker that is difficult to apply as a circuit breaker for wiring, and is used as a parking short-term for low-voltage circuits. It is easy to operate far away, but it has a disadvantage of having a large space. In the past, exterior models of transformers and relay devices were produced, but recently products with integrated transformers and relay devices have been used. The air circuit breaker uses the natural arc extinguishing method of air, and it absorbs arcs in the arc extinguishing chamber (Arc Chute) and extinguishes them. Since the operating current correction is free compared to the circuit breaker for wiring, it is mainly used as a high-capacity circuit breaker that is difficult to apply as a circuit breaker for wiring, and is used as a parking short-term for low-voltage circuits. It is easy to operate far away, but it has a disadvantage of having a large space. In the past, exterior models of transformers and relay devices were produced, but recently products with integrated transformers and relay devices have been used.
② The Molded Case Circuit Breaker (MCCB) is a bolt-in type that is attached to the panel if the circuit breaker that we have examined so far is a large-scale or drawer-type circuit breaker. (Of course, there is a fixed type that is relatively inexpensive among the circuit breakers I checked earlier.) First of all, the circuit breaker for wiring is built in an insulating container with a detection device, an arc extinguishing device, and a trip mechanism for main purpose of circuit protection. The size is small and the operating speed is relatively fast. Compared to fuses, there is no risk of imaging, and it is easy to reuse and handle, and is mainly used in low-voltage circuits. ② The Molded Case Circuit Breaker (MCCB) is a bolt-in type that is attached to the panel if the circuit breaker that we have examined so far is a large-scale or drawer-type circuit breaker. (Of course, there is a fixed type that is relatively inexpensive among the circuit breakers I checked earlier.) First of all, the circuit breaker for wiring is built in an insulating container with a detection device, an arc extinguishing device, and a trip mechanism for main purpose of circuit protection. The size is small and the operating speed is relatively fast. Compared to fuses, there is no risk of imaging, and it is easy to reuse and handle, and is mainly used in low-voltage circuits.
출처: https://www.electrical4u.net/basic-accessories/what-is-mccb-molded-case-circuit-breaker-working-types-of-mccb-included/ 출처: https://www.electrical4u.net/basic-accessories/what-is-mccb-molded-case-circuit-breaker-working-types-of-mccb-included/
Typically, when selecting a circuit breaker for wiring, check the “Rated Frame” and “Rated Current”. The frame indicates the current that can be safely energized. The actual size of the breaker varies depending on the normal frame, so it is also important for designing the inside of the distribution board. The rated current is the current that serves as the basis for the operation of the breaker. Within the rated frame, this sensitivity current can be adjusted while changing the trip element. (ex. Rated frame 400AF/Rated current 300A) I think it will be easier to understand by referring to the following sentence, which summarizes various terms such as rated current and rated cut-off current. Typically, when selecting a circuit breaker for wiring, check the “Rated Frame” and “Rated Current”. The frame indicates the current that can be safely energized. The actual size of the breaker varies depending on the normal frame, so it is also important for designing the inside of the distribution board. The rated current is the current that serves as the basis for the operation of the breaker. Within the rated frame, this sensitivity current can be adjusted while changing the trip element. (ex. Rated frame 400AF/Rated current 300A) I think it will be easier to understand by referring to the following sentence, which summarizes various terms such as rated current and rated cut-off current.
First of all, I wanted to know the exact criteria for selecting a circuit breaker to write a sentence about the total arrangement of voltage, current, and capacity terms (nominal voltage, rated voltage, short circuit current, short circuit current, % impedance, etc.). ···blog.naver.com First of all, I wanted to know exactly what criteria to select a circuit breaker to summarize voltage, current, and capacity terms (nominal voltage, rated voltage, short circuit current, rated cutoff current, short circuit capacity, and % impedance). ···blog.naver.com
③ The Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker (ELCB) not only blocks overcurrents like wiring breakers, but also detects leakage currents and blocks circuits when a circuit or device is shorted. In other words, only the leakage detection function is added to the circuit breaker for wiring. There are both short circuit protection and short circuit protection, and several frames have different rated sensitivity currents, so you need to choose according to your application. ③ The Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker (ELCB) not only blocks overcurrents like wiring breakers, but also detects leakage currents and blocks circuits when a circuit or device is shorted. In other words, only the leakage detection function is added to the circuit breaker for wiring. There are both short circuit protection and short circuit protection, and several frames have different rated sensitivity currents, so you need to choose according to your application.
출처: https://blog.naver.com/cityvillage/222105703288 출처: https://blog.naver.com/cityvillage/222105703288
The table below summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of the circuit breaker that I checked today. It doesn’t include everything, but it’s easy to understand at a glance, so I hope it will be helpful when studying. The table below summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of the circuit breaker that I checked today. It doesn’t include everything, but it’s easy to understand at a glance, so I hope it will be helpful when studying.
advantages and disadvantages of low-voltage circuit breakers ELCB circuit breakers – advantages and disadvantages of ACB circuit breakers – advantages of low-voltage circuit breakers – advantages and disadvantages of low-voltage circuit breakers – advantages and disadvantage of ACB circuit breakers – advantages of low-voltage circuit breakers
The types and principles of commonly used protective relays, hello. Today, those who work in electricity should know the types and principles of commonly used protective relays. Hello. Today, those who work in electricity should know the types and principles of protective relays. blog.naver.com
[Blocker-1] Understanding the characteristic curve of the blocker (Understanding Time Current Curves) Hello. Today, I’m going to write a sentence in a different way from the previous one. TCC, blog.naver.com [Blocker-1] Understanding the Understanding Time Current Curves Hello. Today, I’m going to write in a different way from the previous one. Breaker characteristic curve (TCC, …blog.naver.com )